A fall in the PAI-1 concentration was then noted from preantral to antral (large) follicles in control ovaries (p = 0.009 for % of follicular staining; p = 0.004 for Mean Colour Intensity of follicles) though in PCOS ovaries the drop in this marker in these same follicles was not significant/of borderline significance (p = 0.09 for Mean Colour Intensity of follicles). The gene discussed is SERPINE1; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.