Whereas an earlier meta-analysis of 70 randomized clinical trials involving DPP-4 inhibitors stated that treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors reduced the risk of CV events, as the Mantel-Haenzel odds ratio for MACE (defined here as CV death, non-fatal MI, stroke, acute coronary syndromes, and/or heart failure reported as serious adverse events) was 0.71 (95% CI 0.59–0.86) [74]. This evidence concerns the gene DPP4 and heart failure.