Interestingly, the present study showed that the expression of some critical osteogenesis-related genes in the BP and MTS groups, such as β-catenin, RUNX2 and OPG, were close to the values of the NC group, whereas the expression of these genes in the DM group was significantly increased relative to the NC group, indicating that their expression could, in part, be a compensatory response to hyperglycemia-related bone loss under DM. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF11B and Hyperglycemia.