BRAF and melanoma: For example, erlotinib, gefitinib and the third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) osimertinib are active in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC brain metastases [25] (particularly in combination with radiotherapy [26]), and there is also evidence that B-Raf (BRAF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibition with dabrafenib plus trametinib treatment is active in BRAF-mutant melanoma brain metastases [27].