Although high Foxp3 is theoretically associated with poor prognosis based on the fact that Foxp3+ TILs work to prevent the immune system from attacking tumor cells, some studies have actually reported high Foxp3 as a better prognostic factor, which suggests that the correlations of Foxp3 expression on TILs with PD-L1 expression on tumor cells are still controversial in terms of prognosis14,30. The gene discussed is FOXP3; the disease is neoplasm.