In this dataset, no data were available for some other potential determinants or confounders such as physical activity,50 diet,14, 51 comorbidities (such as diabetes and kidney or liver disease) or treatment for these diseases,52, 53 which might also influence cancer risk via IGFs.54, 55 Fasting status was missing for 58% of IGFBP‐1 and IGFBP‐2 data. This evidence concerns the gene IGFBP1 and liver disorder.