This innate immune receptor mediates the assembly of the inflammasome complex in the presence of microbial ligands, triggering activation of caspase-1 and secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD (2), but the detailed role of NLRP3 inflammasome in IBD is still debated. This evidence concerns the gene CASP1 and inflammatory bowel disease.