LCN2 and acute kidney injury: To determine whether KIM-1 and NGAL could be used to assess the long-term effect of ischemia-induced kidney injury on the AKI-to-CKD transition, the time course of changes in the serum and urine concentrations of KIM-1 and NGAL were examined on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 post-ischemia in different mice group (Figure 8A–D).