Finally, CCL3, which is also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), which is one of the most relevant chemokines in the recruitment of monocyte/macrophages and T lymphocytes during renal inflammation in humans and has been proposed as a new therapeutic target for AKI and CKD53, was found to be significantly downregulated in the kidneys of DN animals that were treated with stem cell-derived EVs. Here, CCL3 is linked to acute kidney injury.