As the ELISA is performed on intact mitochondria, these results suggest that AwMA are induced in SLE, and recognize autoantigens on the outer mitochondrial membrane that are distinct from the epitopes in APS (cardiolipin) and PBC (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2-component, PDC-E2), both located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Here, DLAT is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.