We found that ADH1B Arg47His polymorphism significantly associated with the decreased risk of overall cancer under all the five genetic models: homozygous model, OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.49–0.77; heterozygous model, OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.60–0.84; recessive model, OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.76–0.91; dominant model, OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.53–0.72; and allele comparison, OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.75–0.89. This evidence concerns the gene ADH1B and cancer.