Fresh frozen colonic mucosa was obtained from 13 patients (aged 39–79 years, patients 1–13 in table 1), including 7 people with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or attenuated FAP (AFAP) who carry a germline pathogenic APC mutation, and 3 people with IBD. The gene discussed is FAP; the disease is Familial adenomatous polyposis.