Future clinical studies that examine levels of Epi and NE in plasma and in tumors together with the activation of PKA signaling in tumors of patients who take or do not take propranolol will inform whether activation of PKA pathway is a reflection of catecholamine-induced ADRB2 signaling in prostate tumors and whether propranolol can inhibit this activity. Here, ADRB2 is linked to prostate neoplasm.