The activation of SIRT1 with resveratrol reverses the ICV-STZ-induced decrease in SIRT1 activity and the increase in ERK1/2 and tau phosphorylation, as well as the cognitive impairment in experimental animals, where SIRT1 protects hippocampal neurons from tau hyperphosphorylation [83]. This evidence concerns the gene SIRT1 and Cognitive impairment.