EDN1 and cancer: Plumbagin, an active compound of this plant, exerts an anti-angiogenesis effect by downregulating the PI3K/Akt, VEGF/KDR, and angiopoietins/Tie2 pathways and factors related with cancer angiogenesis and tumor cells, including bFGF, ET-1, CTFG, and VEGFB [130].