The final carcinoma stage is then marked by the constitutive activation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/ phosphatase and tensin homolog (PI3K/PTEN) pathway in the cells and their uncontrolled cell cycle progress due to mutations in tumor protein 53 (TP53) or other defects in TP53-dependent signaling [17]. Here, PTEN is linked to carcinoma.