PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: For example, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (gefitinib, crizotinib) were developed for NSCLC [40,41], a monoclonal antibody (trastuzumab) was developed for breast cancer [42], and recently, immunotherapy, such as anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies (ipilimumab) and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) antibodies (nivolumab) [43,44], has received significant attention.