CD4 and infection: In the multivariable model, older age (⩾55 years compared with <35, relative risk (RR) 2.39), female sex (RR 1.48), longer time from infection (5–10 (RR 1.27), ⩾10 (RR 1.77) compared with 0–4 years) and HCV coinfection (RR 1.29) were associated with a higher risk of hospitalisation; by contrast, higher CD4 nadir (200–349 (RR 0.80), ⩾350 (RR 0.53) compared with <200) and ART use (RR 0.67 vs. naive) were associated with a reduced risk of hospitalisation (Table 3).