Naomaitai treatment decreased neurological function score in rats with vascular dementia, ameliorated paraventricular white matter damage caused by long-term hypoxia, and hypoperfusion reduced the brain injury markers S-100β and NSE contents, suppressed inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress, reduced IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MDA contents, and remarkably increased IL-10 and SOD contents. Here, SOD1 is linked to vascular dementia.