TNF and sexually transmitted disease: ELISA showed that IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression dramatically increased compared with the sham group (IL-1β, 2.41±0.41; IL-6, 1.62±0.09; TNF-α, 3.14±0.52; IL-10, 19.82±2.44), but IL-10 expression reduced in the VD group (IL-1β, 4.52±0.53; IL-6, 3.71±0.21; TNF-α, 5.22±0.33; IL-10, 10.51±1.93; P < 0.05).