IKZF1 and neoplasm: Overexpression of IKZF1 can activate autoimmune susceptibility via infiltrating NKG2D+, CD8+ T cells [78]. Protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1A (PPM1A) is a phosphatase that has been the function of dephosphorylating TGF-β–activated P-Smad2/3, p38 and regulating several tumor-related signaling pathways [79, 80].