Furthermore, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, Ki67 immunofluorescence staining39, and terminal transferased UTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay of the tumour tissues to analyze cell state, cell proliferation, and cell apoptosis in the tissues, respectively, were conducted after PTT treatment (Fig. 5e). Here, MKI67 is linked to neoplasm.