Decreased expression of VE-cadherin, Occludin, Claudin-5, and ZO-1 can significantly increase endothelial permeability, cause pulmonary edema, and aggravate lung injury [64, 65].VE-cadherin can further enhance tight junction formation by promoting the expression of Claudin-5 [66]. Here, CLDN5 is linked to pulmonary edema.