In line with these findings, it was recently reported by Chang and coworkers that SNPs in SLC31A1/Ctr1 and SLC47A1/MATE1 genes were associated with increased urinary excretion of well-known AKI biomarkers: kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), calbindin, trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), cystatin C and clusterin. This evidence concerns the gene TFF3 and acute kidney injury.