MIF and neoplasm: Notoriously the release of TGF-β1, IL-6 and IL-8 are under the control of PAR-2 and TGF-β1 signalling, whereas increased MIF and CXCL-11 account for the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which is characteristic of a tumor with a strong activation of ERK1/2 [41] and TGF-β1 signalling deregulation.