NB cell differentiation can also be triggered in vitro by culturing NB cells in the presence of differentiation factors, such as retinoids (retinoic acid, RA), phorbol esters (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, PMA), and neurotrophins (nerve growth factor, NGF; brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF) [40,41]. This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and neuroblastoma.