The HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) gene was one of the first candidate genes to be studied in relation to refractive errors and in fact the association of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the HGF gene with myopia has been reported and replicated in independent studies on adults in Chinese [21, 22] and Caucasian populations [23, 24]. This evidence concerns the gene HGF and myopia.