JUN and neoplasm: These molecules promote the survival, growth, and metastasis of tumor cells through NFKB/NFkB (nuclear factor kappa B; mediators downstream of the UPR), STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), and AP-1 (AP-1 transcription factor) signaling pathways as well as cytokines such as IL1B/IL1b, IL6, IL11, and IL23A [23].