In a study examining the total summed magnitude of CD8+ T cell responses against the entire HIV proteome from PBMCs, as measured by ex vivo IFNγ ELISpot, the summed magnitude of CD8+ T cells in untreated chronic infection is at least 2-fold greater than the summed magnitude of CD8+ T cells from treated infection (Table 2) (155). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is infection.