In particular, they look like those observed in beta cells isolated from AtgΔβ−cell mice with beta cell-specific deletion of Atg7 (autophagy-related 7) (19) indicating that autophagy could be necessary to maintain beta-cell homeostasis (62, 63) and in human islets isolated from T2D patients (20, 23, 27) confirming a pathogenetic role played by ER stress (50, 64). This evidence concerns the gene ATG7 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.