For example, infection of Vero cells stably expressing GFP–LC3 with the highly pathogenic strain New York 99 (WNV-NY99) led to more pronounced steady-state levels of LC3 puncta and LC3 lipidation at 24 hpi when compared to mock-infected control cells, although no effects on p62 levels were observed [132]. This evidence concerns the gene SQSTM1 and infection.