The first population-based cohort study from the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink demonstrated a crude IBD incidence rate of 37.7 per 100,000 person-years in 141,170 patients with type-2 diabetes, and the use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors was associated with an increased risk of UC, but not CD [17]. This evidence concerns the gene DPP4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.