TGFB1 and colonic neoplasm: More than 80% of colon cancer cases harbor aberrant wingless/integrated (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling, p53 phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathways that regulate colon cancer progression through intracellular mechanism or interaction with tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells [130,131].