First, because some astrocytomas do not express PC-3 (67 out of 157 samples), there would be molecular justification to stratify cohorts of patients to receive or not receive PAC-1 based upon PC-3 expressions, similar to what is already conventionally practiced for the institution of temozolomide based upon tumoral MGMT hypermethylation status. Here, MGMT is linked to astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).