The oncogenic signatures enriched in BCNS keratinocyte treated with rapamycin showed sets of genes up-regulated in neuronal precursors after Shh stimulation, PIGF treatment, genes governed by overexpression of E2F1 and E2F3, and genes up-regulated in primary keratinocytes from RB1 and RBL1 skin-specific knockout mice. Here, E2F3 is linked to nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.