ZAP70 and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Several clinical and biological prognostic markers, such as the Rai and Binet staging systems, immunoglobulin VH gene mutational status, CD38 and ZAP70 expression, and cytogenetic abnormalities like Del 13q14, Del 17p, and Del 11q, can be used to predict the survival outcome and direct treatment strategies for CLL patients68.