TTN and left ventricular noncompaction: While few studies have reported modifier roles for TTN missense variants15,16, others have considered TTN missense variants as disease-causing variants in DCM, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), and left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) but these observations suggest recessive inheritance pattern and no convincing segregation has been demonstrated so far17–19.