PDCD1 and neoplasm: Anti-PD-1 treatment alone had no effect on tumor growth compared with PBS treated controls (Additional file 2: Figure S6) and consistent with Fig. 2a, peritumoral infusion of DNT cells significantly reduced NCI-H460 tumor volume from 922.1 ± 164.2 mm3 in the control group to 546.5 ± 125.7 mm3 in the DNT cell treated group, resulting in a 40.7 ± 13.6% reduction in tumor volume.