TRERF1 and neoplasm: In conclusion, our results demonstrate that Rapa plus Dox treatment had the advantage (i) to reduce tumor cells proliferation by reducing the mTOR activation; (ii) to improve the cytotoxic effect of Dox; and (iii) to reduce the risk for a clinically relevant negative impact of protective effects of mTOR modulation, combining the antiproliferative/cytotoxic effect of Rapa with the cytotoxic effect of Dox (iiii) to make possible a reduction of the anthracycline dosage and consequently, Dox-mediated side effects of the treatments.