Urinary total and individual phytoestrogens, including lignans and enterolactone, were significantly inversely associated with serum CRP in a nationally representative sample of 6009 subjects from the U.S. High urinary enterolactone, but not enterodiol concentration was found to be inversely associated with obesity, abdominal obesity, high serum CRP, high serum triglycerides, low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and metabolic syndrome in an analysis including 21,776 subjects [219,220]. The gene discussed is CRP; the disease is metabolic syndrome.