ADIPOQ and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In a case–control series which was performed in the Pima Indian population [53], at baseline, the serum adiponectin level was significantly lower in the cases (n = 70) than in the controls (n = 70), and individuals who showed high serum adiponectin levels were less likely to develop type 2 diabetes than individuals with low serum adiponectin levels (incidence rate ratio 0.63 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.43–0.92); p = 0.02) [54].