In addition, two other genes with expression positively correlating with the LVSD/HF phenotype are worth noting: (1) Traf3 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3), a major regulator of the innate immune response with expression levels associated with neurological and cardiovascular diseases;34 and (2) Cxcl9, a chemokine associated with various pathological conditions including dilated cardiomyopathy, HF, arrhythmias, and heart transplant rejection.35 The gene discussed is TRAF3; the disease is dilated cardiomyopathy.