A possible explanation is that heme metabolism might reflect an active vascularization of the samples, a phenomenon widely observed in cancer progression.28 A more intriguing hypothesis is a possible association between elevated heme metabolism and cancer progression, as has been reported in non-small-cell lung cancer cells and xenograft tumors.29 It is also interesting to look at the pathways that are significant in at least five cohorts: KRAS signaling, myogenesis, allograft rejection, coagulation, P53 pathway, and peroxisome. The gene discussed is KRAS; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.