The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved several ICIs: the anti-CTLA-4 ipilimumab for the treatment of melanoma; the PD-1 blocking antibodies pembrolizumab and nivolumab for unresectable or metastatic melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and for bladder and renal cell carcinoma; the anti-PD-L1 atezolizumab has been approved for metastatic bladder cancer and NSCLC. Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.