Other care approaches such as the Stepping Up model, whereby patients and practice nurses have an enhanced role in therapeutic decisions, have also shown improvements in insulin initiation rates and glycaemic control compared with standard practice27; therefore, involving patients more in the management of T2DM may provide benefits not just in treatment persistence and clinical outcomes, but also in the effective use of healthcare resources, and has been emphasized as a key consideration in the latest ADA/EASD consensus report.15 Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.