In most cases, the classic Warburg effect in some of tumor cells is strengthened via enhanced metabolism-associated gene expressions or enzyme activation such as GLUT1, LDHA, and PCK2 in rapid conversion of glucose into lactate for generating ATP and metabolites (e.g., phosphoenol pyruvate, pyruvate, NADH, glycine, and succinyl-CoA), in order to maintain cell growth and proliferation34,35. Here, PCK2 is linked to neoplasm.