MMP2 and MMP9, two well-known proteins related with tumor invasion (Figure S8E–S8G), were decreased in hypoxic BT549 and Hs578T cells transfected with shATM, shPFKP, or shCS compared with their control cells (Fig. 8a), and increased in ATM knockdown BT549 and Hs578T cells under combined treatment with citrate under hypoxia (Fig. 8b). Here, MMP2 is linked to neoplasm.