MAPKAPK2 and neoplasm: Such stimuli which are abundant in the tumor microenvironment, induce the activation of MK2 and subsequently Hsp27, resulting in the downstream production of cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), resulting in modulation of tumor microenvironment and signaling to induce cell differentiation, survival, and growth [60] (Fig. 4).