TNF and colitis: Animals studies show that a daily oral administration of BJ extract (20 mg/kg) in mice subjected to experimental colitis reduced colon levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1ß (p < 0.01), NK‐kb p65 (p < 0.01), p‐JNK (p < 0.01), and the degree of positive staining for nitrotyrosine (Impellizzeri et al., 2015).