TNF and atherosclerosis: The results showed that dammarane-type tetracyclic triterpenoids from ginseng (i.e., ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, and ginsenoside Rb1) might be used to treat Alzheimer’s disease, hypertension, and atherosclerosis by targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF), nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3), and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1).