This adds to the known functions of Cav2.3 as a calcium source for potassium channels in spines, to regulate incoming synaptic signals, and establishes Cav2.3 as a central regulator of calcium-dependent potassium channels to shape both incoming and outgoing signals in CA1 pyramidal neurons and may explain why Cav2.3 has been implicated in neurological diseases like epilepsy and Fragile X syndrome. This evidence concerns the gene CACNA1E and fragile X syndrome.