The combined effects of repressing intercellular communication (e.g. aspects of NETRIN, BDNF, PDGF, NOTCH (DLD1), WNT and FGF signaling), as well as compromising the function of key transcription factors involved in stemness in different contexts (e.g. IRXs, PBX3, GSX2, SALL3, FOXC1, GATA3, etc.)would seem likely sufficient to inhibit tumor growth. Here, GSX2 is linked to neoplasm.