We therefore set three benchmarks an active and potentially useful NANEP should fulfill: i- It should mimic the reported phenotype of shNANOG in GBM cells, inhibiting tumor growth in vivo and clonogenic growth in vitro18; ii- specific mutations reported to abolish DNA binding of mouse Nanog34 should abolish anti-tumor effects in vivo; iii- NANEP-regulated genes should include at least some genes reported to bind NANOG in ESCs25. The gene discussed is NANOG; the disease is glioblastoma.